Тепловой стресс при разведении крупного рогатого скота на Северном Кавказе: анализ и опыт Республики Дагестан
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2026-16-1-10-26Ключевые слова:
температурно-влажностный индекс, ТВИ, крупный рогатый скот, скотоводство, производство скота, производство молока, надой, расход кормовАннотация
Введение. В условиях высоких температур организм крупного рогатого скота самостоятельно регулирует свои физиологические и поведенческие реакции для поддержания внутренней температуры тела в безопасном диапазоне. Температурно-влажностный индекс (ТВИ или THI) является важным экологическим показателем и может помочь определить степень теплового стресса. При этом остается недостаточно изученным влияние факторов внешней среды на развитие скотоводства в специфических агроклиматических условиях регионов Северного Кавказа, в частности, Республики Дагестан, где высокая тепловая нагрузка может быть существенным лимитирующим фактором.
Цель. Получить новые знания о воздействии факторов внешней среды на развитие скотоводства в регионе и установлении их взаимосвязи с достижением производственных показателей на примере разведения крупного рогатого скота в разрезе градации значений ТВИ.
Материалы и методы. В качестве объектов анализа были использованы источники баз научного цитирования, статистические данные сельхозпредприятий всех категорий Республики Дагестан и климатические данные. Оценка включала расчет ТВИ, анализ производства скота на убой в живом и убойном весе, объемов выращивания скота в расчете на 1 голову, производства молока и надоя на 1 корову, а также расхода всех кормов.
Результаты. В регионе выявлены условия, характерные для теплово стресса у крупного рогатого скота (38,67% значений индекса ТВИ от общего количества проанализированных). Наибольшая тепловая нагрузка на скот отмечается в июле. С увеличением доли значений индекса ТВИ, соответствующих тепловому стрессу, наблюдали определенное снижение производства скота на убой в живом и убойном весе, производства молока, надоя молока на одну корову, увеличение выращивания скота в расчете на 1 голову, расхода кормов для всех половозрастных групп крупного рогатого скота. Величина ТВИ имела достоверную отрицательную средней силы (умеренную) взаимосвязь с показателями объемов производства крупного рогатого скота на убой в живом и убойном весе.
Заключение. Полученные результаты заполняют существовавший пробел в оценке влияния климатических факторов на продуктивность скотоводства в условиях Дагестана и могут служить основой для разработки адаптационных технологий содержания крупного рогатого скота в регионе.
Для цитирования: Крупин Е.О., Оздемиров А.А., Зухрабов М.Г. Тепловой стресс при разведении крупного рогатого скота на Северном Кавказе: анализ и опыт Республики Дагестан. Аграрный вестник Северного Кавказа. 2026;16(1):10-26. https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2026-16-1-10-26 EDN HADFYE
To cite: Krupin E.O., Ozdemirov A.A., Zukhrabov M.G. Thermal stress in cattle breeding in the North Caucasus: Analysis and experience of the Republic of Dagestan. Agrarian Bulletin of the North Caucasus. 2026;16(1):10-26. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2026-16-1-10-26
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Copyright (c) 2026 Е.О. Крупин, А.А. Оздемиров, М.Г. Зухрабов
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