Study of activity antioxidant enzymes in several of maize genotypes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31279/ABNC-2026-16-3-138Keywords:
Zea mays L., antioxidant enzymes, planting dates, genotype, enzyme activity, high temperatureAbstract
Introduction. Iraq is suffering from severe drought, exacerbated by climate change. Genetic patterns and timing of planting are of critical importance to improve water use efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production.
Materials and methods. A field experiment was conducted at the Al-Jadriya field, Baghdad University, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences. Six maize genotypes (G1-Agr183, G2-PAN466, G3-Ly55, G4-OH40, G5-Xq880, and G6-IK58) were planted on three dates (1 August, 7 August, and 15 August) during the fall season of 2023–2024. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Leaf samples were analyzed in the laboratories of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences. The least significant difference (LSD) test at the 0.05% probability level was used for mean comparisons, and statistical analysis was performed using the GenStat statistical software.
Results. The results indicated that genotype G6 exhibited higher catalase (CAT) activity across all three planting dates, while genotype G2 showed higher peroxidase (POD) activity during the same period, suggesting superior adaptive efficiency of these two genotypes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity also varied among genotypes, with the highest levels observed on D3 (third planting date) and D1 (first planting date) for G6, and on D2 (second planting date) for G5, indicating a response due to genotype × planting date (G × D) interaction. Regarding planting date, CAT activity was highest on D3, whereas POD and SOD activities peaked on D1, reflecting the influence of planting date on the regulation of the antioxidant defense system.
Conclusion.The results demonstrate that enzyme activity and maize response to planting dates vary significantly depending on genotype. Therefore, selecting an appropriate planting date is essential for optimizing crop growth under specific light, humidity, and temperature conditions.
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