Analysis of Growth Hormone (L127v) Gene Polymorphism in Kalmyk Bull Calves
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2025-15-3-66-71Keywords:
polymorphism, growth hormone gene, Kalmyk breed, meat productivity, single nucleotide polymorphisms, missense mutation, SNP, alleles, DNA sequencingAbstract
Introduction. The study of growth hormone gene (GH) polymorphisms in Kalmyk bulls is relevant for understanding the genetic basis of their meat productivity, however, the influence of silent mutations on the functional characteristics of the breed remains understudied.
Aim. To analyze the L127V polymorphism of the GH gene and its potential association with the productive traits of the animals.
Materials and methods. The study used DNA samples from purebred Kalmyk bulls (n=21). Sequencing of key regions of the GH gene was performed, followed by genotyping and analysis of the association between the L127V polymorphism and weight gain dynamics. Methods included capillary electrophoresis, PCR, and statistical analysis.
Results. A dominance of the L allele (88.1%) over the V allele (11.9%) was revealed, with genotype distribution LL (76.2%) and LV (23.8%) conforming to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ²=0.376). Heterozygous LV animals showed significantly higher absolute weight gain (52.4±4.4 kg vs. 38.5±8.9 kg; p=0.008) and average daily gain (1.68±0.13 vs. 1.32±0.30 g/day; p=0.012) compared to LL homozygotes, as well as lower trait variability (CV=8.4% vs. 23.1%).
Conclusion. The L127V polymorphism of the GH gene is a promising marker for the selection of Kalmyk bulls for meat productivity, with the heterozygous LV genotype associated with consistently high weight gains. The results are important for developing DNA markers for the selection of Kalmyk cattle to improve meat productivity under extensive livestock farming conditions.
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