Оценка интродуцированных сортов черешни в засушливых условиях Юга России
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2026-16-2-34-42Ключевые слова:
черешня, сорт, засушливая зона, Ставропольский край, урожайность, качество плодов, биохимический состав, кластерный анализАннотация
Введение. Расширение промышленного возделывания черешни в засушливых районах юга России ограничивается недостатком сортов, сочетающих адаптивность к местным почвенно-климатическим условиям, регулярное плодоношение и высокое качество плодов.
Цель. Выявить наиболее перспективные интродуцированные сорта черешни по продуктивности и качеству плодов при выращивании на подвое Gisela 6 в засушливой зоне Ставропольского края.
Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены в 2023–2025 гг. на сортах Sweet Early, Ferrovia, Samba, Skeena, Kordia и Regina в саду 2021 года закладки, созданном по схеме 3,5 × 1,5 м. Оценивали урожайность, индекс периодичности плодоношения, морфометрические показатели плодов и их биохимический состав. Статистическую обработку выполняли в программе Statistica v23 с применением кластерного анализа.
Результаты. Все изученные сорта плодоносили ежегодно, однако заметно различались по уровню и устойчивости продуктивности. В 2023 году максимальная урожайность отмечена у сортов Kordia и Skeena — по 2,10 т/га, в 2024 году — у Sweet Early 4,52 т/га, в 2025 году — у Skeena 0,68 т/га. Средняя масса плодов варьировала от 9,1 до 11,1 г, средняя масса мякоти – от 8,2 до 10,3 г, содержание общих сахаров — от 16,7 до 23,0 %. Наименьшая межсортовая дистанция по комплексу признаков установлена между Samba и Kordia.
Заключение. В условиях засушливой зоны Ставропольского края наибольший практический интерес представляют сорта Skeena, Kordia, Regina и Samba, выделившиеся по комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при совершенствовании сортимента черешни для интенсивных насаждений региона.
Для цитирования: Письменная Е.В., Азарова М.Ю., Джамиль A. Оценка интродуцированных сортов черешни в засушливых условиях Юга России. Аграрный вестник Северного Кавказа. 2026;16(2):34-42. https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2026-16-2-34-42 EDN PPDNQB
To cite: Pismennaya E.V., Azarova M.Yu., Jamil A. Evaluation of introduced sweet cherry cultivars under arid conditions of Southern Russia. Agrarian Bulletin of the North Caucasus. 2026;16(2):34-42. https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2026-16-2-34-42 EDN PPDNQB
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