The Efficiency of Winter Wheat Production on Slightly Saline Common Chernozem Using Phosphogypsum Neutralized in the Conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2025-15-2-63-73Keywords:
neutralized phosphogypsum, ordinary chernozem, solonetzic soils, winter wheat yield, winter wheat, economic costs of chemical reclamationDownloads
Abstract
Introduction. The Stavropol Krai, a key agricultural region in Russia, faces significant land degradation challenges, with approximately 20% of its arable land affected by soil salinity. This issue substantially reduces crop yields and threatens regional food security, necessitating the development of sustainable and cost-effective soil reclamation strategies.
Aim. To determine the effectiveness of neutralized phosphogypsum on winter wheat productivity in weakly solonetzic ordinary chernozem.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted from 2021 to 2024 under production conditions in the unstable moisture zone of Stavropol Krai, Russia. The experimental site featured weakly solonetzic ordinary chernozem. Soil samples were collected for agrochemical analysis, and crop yield was recorded with agricultural samples taken for laboratory analysis following methodological guidelines for registration trials of agrochemicals in agriculture.
Results. The study revealed that mean daily air temperature during winter wheat growing seasons (2021-2024) exceeded the norm by 2.8°C. Moreover, 2023-2024 period was characterized by reduced precipitation. Winter wheat yields varied significantly across treatments during the residual effect period of neutralized phosphogypsum: 2022 - 4.51-5.24 t/ha, 2023 - 4.18-4.55 t/ha, 2024 - 2.34-2.67 t/ha.
Conclusions. The 10 t/ha application rate provided the greatest average yield increase over three years (8% above control). The 5 t/ha dose proved most economically efficient, demonstrating profit of 11,828.3 RUB/ha and return on investment of 29.0%.
References
Podkolzin A.I., Belikova S.V., Burlai A.V. Saline soils of Stavropol, their properties and methods of improvement. Stavropol: Stavropol Regional Printing House; 2018.320 p (In Russ.)
Chekmarev P.A., Sitnikov V.N., Egorov V.P. et al. Handbook of agricultural chemists of Stavropol;Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.Stavropol: [B.I.], 2019.644 p. (In Russ.)
Matvienko A.V., Grechishkina Yu.I. Comparative characteristics of agrochemical indicators of ordinary saline chernozem in the conditions of the central Ciscaucasia. Biologization of agriculture – the basis of Russia's food security in the long term: a collection of scientific articles. 2024; 96-100. (In Russ.)
Godunova E.I. Saline soils of Stavropol and ways of their reclamation: monograph. Stavropol: Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution "North Caucasian National Research University": Stavropol-Service School. 2022.466 p. (In Russ.)
Trots N.M., Borovkova N.V., Soloviev A.A. Efficiency of phosphogypsum in agrocenosis of spring barley. Proceedings of the Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2022;1:3–11. (In Russ.)
Nayak S, Mishra C.S., Guru B.C., Rath M. Effect of phosphogypsum amendment on soil physico-chemical properties, microbial load and enzyme activities. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2011;32(5):613-617.
Maina L., Kiegiel K., Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz G. Challenges and Strategies for the Sustainable Environmental Management of Phosphogypsum. Sustainability. 2025;17.3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083473
Qi J., Zhu H., Zhou P. et al. Application of phosphogypsum in soilization: a review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2023;20(9) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04783-2
Mu L., Zhou H., Li A., Wang L., Wang J., Sun S., Zhang N., Bao L. The Effects of the Combined Application of Biochar and Phosphogypsum on the Physicochemical Properties of Cd-Contaminated Soil and the Yield Quality of Chinese Cabbage. Agriculture. 2024;14(11):1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111865
Muravyev E.I., Dobrydnev E.P., Belyuchenko I.S. The perspectives of phosphogypsum utilization in the agricultural sector. Ecological Bulletin of the North Caucasus. 2008;4(1):31-39. (In Russ.)
Akanova N.I., Kholomyeva L.N., Pleskachev Yu.N., Mozharenko M.N. Efficiency of phosphogypsum application on soddy-podzolic soils in winter wheat crops. Problems of Agrochemistry and Ecology. 2024;1:27-35. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26178/4895.2024.70.28.006
Sheudjen A.Kh., Bondareva T.N., Hurum H.D., Lebedovsky I.A., Khachmamuk P.N., Esipenko S.V., Perepelin M.A., Vereshchakova A.A. Effectiveness of different forms of neutralized phosphogypsum when used on winter wheat crops as a polycomponent fertilizer. Plodorodie. 2024;6:24-29. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.2024.141.05
Vizirskaya M.M., Akanova N.I., Beltyukov L.P. Efficiency of phosphogypsum application during cultivation of oil flax and winter wheat. Plodorodie 2020;5(116):66-68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.2020.116.19
Tskhovrebov V.S., Umarov A.B., Faizova V.I., Novikov A.A. The effect of phosphogypsum and fertilizers on the content of nutrients in southern chernozem and the yield of winter wheat. Business bulletin of the Agroindustrial Complex. Stavropol territory. 2021;3:54-59. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/0044-3913-2019-10703
Akanova N.I., Sheudzhen A.Kh., Vizirskaya M.M., Andreev A.A. Agro-ecological efficiency of neutralized phosphogypsum as a chemical meliorant and phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizer in the conditions of rain-fed agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory. International Agricultural Journal. 2018;2:32-37. (In Russ.)
Maina L, Kiegiel K, Chajduk E, Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz G. Chemical and radiochemical characterization of phosphogypsum from Poland. Nukleonika. 2024;69(2):113–7. https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2024-0016
Jin Y., Yang D., Wu Y. et al. Preparation of Biofertilizer with Phosphogypsum and Straw: Microbial Community Changes and Plant Growth Effects. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2024;.24(4) https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01806-w
Goncharov V.M., Skorikov S.V. Problems and ways of utilization of phosphogypsum with the development of effective technologies and new building materials with appropriate consumer characteristics. The Eurasian Union of Scientists. 2014;7(1):50-52. (In Russ.)
Agapova P.V., Kiselev M.V., Freidkin I.A. Assessment of biological efficiency of application of defluorinated phosphogypsum as residual fertilizer. Izvestiya Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University. 2024;1(75):48-57. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/2078-1318-2023-5-72-80
Luo A., Li J., Xiao Y., He Z., Liang J. Engineering Soil Quality and Water Productivity Through Optimal Phosphogypsum Application Rates. Agronomy. 2025; 15(1):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010035
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Julia I. Grechishkina, Alexey V. Matvienko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
