Economic Efficiency of Seeding Standards and Cultivation Technologies for Winter Wheat in a Direct Sowing System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31279/2949-4796-2025-15-2-53-62Keywords:
extensive technology, intensive technology, seeding rate, direct seeding, yield, profit, profitabilityDownloads
Abstract
Introduction. In the South of Russia, where winter wheat accounts for up to 50% of arable land in the Stavropol Krai, the importance of optimizing cultivation technologies is increasing, particularly within the direct seeding system, which significantly alters soil properties and requires adjustments in seeding rates to ensure the economic efficiency of production.
Aim. To determine the impact of extensive, standard and intensive cultivation systems, as well as seeding rates, on the economic efficiency of winter wheat production grown under direct seeding conditions in the unstable moisture regime of Stavropol Krai.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted from 2021 to 2023 on an experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center, where winter wheat was cultivated using extensive, basic and intensive technologies with seeding rates ranging from 2 to 6 million seeds per hectare, with an interval of 1 million seeds per hectare.
Results. The highest profit—41,122 rubles per hectare—and the greatest economic efficiency (rental yield of 180.3%) were achieved with the intensive technology. Cultivation using the basic technology resulted in reduced profit—34,224 rubles per hectare—and a profitability of 142.7%. The lowest economic indicators--profit of 17,635 rubles per hectare and profitability of 122.8% -- were observed under the extensive technology.
Conclusions. The optimal seeding rate for winter wheat under intensive technology is 3 million seeds per hectare; for basic technology, it is 4 million seeds per hectare; and for extensive technology, 5 million seeds per hectare. Increasing or decreasing the seeding rate from the optimal value across all technology systems leads to a decline in both yield and economic efficiency. Within the direct seeding system, growing winter wheat is most economically advantageous when employing intensive technology. Cultivating the crop under basic technology results in reduced economic efficiency, while the lowest efficiency is observed with extensive technology.
References
Ohanyan L.R., Eroshenko F.V., Kovtun V.I., Storchak I.G. Cultivation agro-technologies of winter wheat varieties developed by the North Caucasus FRAC. Grain Economy of Russia. 2023;(3):80-86. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-80-86
Konovalova N.K., Okorokov V.V., Shchukin I.M. To the development of classi-fication of agricultural technologies by levels of production intensification in the cultiva-tion of grain crops for seeds. AIC: Economics, Management. 2024;11:28-39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33305/2411-28
Kiryushin V.I. System of scientific and innovative support of adaptive landscape farming technologies. Zemledelie. 2022;2:3-7. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/ 10.24412/0044-3913-2022-2-3-7
Ladan S.S. Pesticide load of wheat protection systems in technologies of various intensity. Plodorodie. 2024;6:76-80. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.2024.141.17
Kapranov V.N., Zelenev A.V., Kiselyov E.F. et al. Seeding rate is a factor that determines the agro-economic efficiency of cultivation of the F1 hybrid of winter rye Nemchinovsky 1 in technologies of different levels of intensity. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzh-skogo Agrouniversitetskogo Kompleksa. 2024;2(74):67-75. (In Russ.) https://doi.org10.32786/2071-9485-2024-02-08
Dridiger V.K., Godunova E.I., Gadzhiumarov R.G. et al. Nature-like technolo-gies of cultivation of agricultural crops in the direct sowing system. Zemledelie. 2025;1:3-9. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/0044-3913-2025-1-3-9
Skaalsveen K., Ingram J., Clarke L.E. The effect of no-till farming on the soil functions of water purification and retention in north-western Europe: а literature re-view. Soil & Tillage Research. 2019;1(189):98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.01.004
Dridiger V.K., Ivanov A.L., Belobrov V.P, Kutovaya O.V. Rehabilitation of Soil Properties by Using Direct Seeding Technology. Eurasion Soil Science. 2020;9:1293-1301. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229320090033
Dridiger V.K., Godunova E.I., Gadzhiumarov R.G., Peregudova N.A. The In-fluence of No-till Technology on the Content of Nutrients in Ordinary Chernozem of the Central Ciscaucasia. Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2023;3:S440–S445. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367423090057
Kholodov V.A., Belobrov V.P., Yaroslavtseva N.V. et al. Influence of No-till system on the distribution of organic carbon and nitrogen by aggregate size fractions in protocalcic, endocalcic, and pantocalcic chernozems. Eurasian Soil Science. 2021;2:285-290. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321020071
Briones M.J.I., Schmidt O. Conventional tillage decreases the abundance and biomass of earthworms and alters their community structure in a global meta-analysis. Global Change Biology. 2017;23(10):4396–4419. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13744
Bokova A.I., Panina K.S., Dridiger V.K. et al. Soil-dwelling springtails as indicators of the efficiency of No-till technologies with different amounts of mineral fertilizers in the crop rotation on chernozem soils. Soil and Tillage Research. 2023;232:105760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2023.105760
Morozov A.N., Dubovik D.V., Dubovik E.V. et al. The influence of cultivation technologies on the productivity of winter wheat in the conditions of the Kursk region. Agriculture. 2025;1:29-34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/0044-3913-2025-1-29-34
Bannikova. N.V., Kostyuchenko T.N., Tenishchev A.V. et al., Methods of eco-nomic assessment of the efficiency of using technology for cultivating agricultural crops without tillage. Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area. 2020;3:43-47. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2020-3-43-47
Kiryushin V.I. Actual problems and contradictions of the agriculture develop-ment. Agriculture. 2019;3:3-7. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/0044-3913-2019-10301
Shapovalova N.N., Ohanyan L.R., Voropaeva A.A. The effect of mineral ferti-lizers on the economic efficiency of winter wheat production in the direct sowing tech-nology in the Stavropol territory. Grain Economy of Russia. 2022;1(79):83-88. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-79-1-83-88
Podgorskaya S.V. Assessment of the impact of human capital on agricultural production and the rural economy of the region. AIC: Economics, Management. 2025;2:103-115. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33305/252-103
Kashchaev I.V., Kriulina E.N. Assessment of the welfare of the population of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District: information support, analysis, sus-tainability. AIC: Economics, Management. 2023;6:44-52. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33305/236-44
Kriulina E.N., Ohanyan L.R. Food security of the region: essence, assess-ment, forecast. AIC: Economics, Management. 2023;8:23-33. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33305/238-23
Nazarenko L.V. Influence of varietal composition and seeding rates on the effi-ciency of growing winter wheat seeds in the conditions of the Krasnodar region. Trans-actions of Taurida Agricultural Science. 2023;36(199):39-52. (In Russ.) EDN: JQZTOC
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexandra V. Gonochenko, Viktor K. Dridiger
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
